Sales Reservation in SAP: Automatic & Manual Methods

Understanding Sales Reservation in SAP

Sales reservation in SAP ensures that stock is set aside for specific customer demands, preventing inventory from being used for other purposes. It can be handled automatically via system configuration or manually through transactions like MB21.

Automatic Sales Reservation via Availability Check

SAP supports automatic sales reservation during the sales order process using availability checks. Here's how it works:

Configuring the Checking Group (OVZ2)

  • Navigate to OVZ2 – Define Checking Groups.
  • Set the "Accumul." (Accumulation) column: 
    • Without this setting, SAP will only check availability but won’t reserve stock.
    • Recommended setting: Accumul. = 3 
      • This accumulates the requirements quantity during creation.
      • It accumulates the confirmed quantity during changes.

Benefits of Automatic Sales Reservation

  • Ensures real-time inventory accuracy.
  • Prevents overcommitment of stock.
  • Enhances customer satisfaction by securing product availability.

Manual Sales Reservation in SAP

Manual reservations allow users more control, especially when handling non-standard processes or reserving stock without a linked sales order.

Create Manual Reservation using MB21

To manually reserve inventory:
  1. Go to Transaction MB21.
  2. Use Movement Type 251 – Goods Issue for Sales.
  3. To link this reservation to a Sales Order, enable the relevant field: 
    • Use Transaction OMBW.
    • Double-click Movement Type 251.
    • Go to Additional Account Assignment.
    • Tick the Required/Optional box for the Sales Order field.

Managing Manual Reservations with MBVR

  • Use Transaction MBVR to review and manage manual reservations.
  • Keep track of material availability and assignment status.

Reserving Materials Without a Sales Order

In some cases, materials need to be reserved for a customer even without a formal sales order. SAP provides two main methods:

1. Use MRP Strategy 50 (Planning with Final Assembly)

  • Set Strategy 50 in the MRP 4 view of the Material Master.
  • Choose Ind/Collective Requirement = 1 to allow the system to: 
    • Plan materials collectively.
    • Reserve them specifically for a customer-based requirement.

2. Manual Reservation with Customer Information

  • Create a manual reservation (via MB21).
  • Enter the customer’s name in the "Recipient" field.
  • This approach allows easy tracking of which materials are set aside for which customers.

Key Transactions Summary

Transaction Code Purpose
OVZ2 Define Checking Groups
MB21 Create Manual Reservation
MBVR Manage Manual Reservations
OMBW Enable Sales Order Field for Movement 251

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the purpose of the “Accumul.” setting in OVZ2?

It enables the system to accumulate both required and confirmed quantities, ensuring proper reservation during availability checks.

2. Can I reserve stock manually for a customer without a sales order?

Yes, by using MB21 and entering the customer’s name in the Recipient field, or by configuring Strategy 50 with Individual Requirements.

3. What is the movement type for sales reservation?

Movement Type 251 is used for goods issues related to sales reservations.

4. How do I activate the Sales Order number field in MB21?

Use Transaction OMBW, select Movement Type 251, and mark the Sales Order field as required or optional under Additional Account Assignment.

5. What does MBVR do in SAP?

MBVR is used to monitor, manage, and report manual reservations.

6. Is automatic reservation better than manual reservation?

Automatic reservation is ideal for streamlined processes, while manual reservations offer flexibility for exceptional or customer-specific requirements.

Conclusion

Mastering sales reservation in SAP, whether through automated availability checks or manual processes, is essential for efficient inventory and order management. By configuring the system appropriately and using transactions like MB21, OMBW, and MBVR, you can ensure accurate stock handling, improved customer satisfaction, and streamlined operations.

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